Asterisk under NAT
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If your Asterisk box is under NAT, you should edit /etc/asterisk/sip.conf file:
[global]
externip = <YOUR REAL IP> localnet = <LOCAL NET IP/MASK>
Example:
[global]
externip = 23.45.67.89 localnet = 10.10.1.0/255.255.255.0
Forward SIP ports (UDP 5060, 10000-20000) on your firewall to this Asterisk machine.
Restart Asterisk.